基于形态学和DNA分子鉴定的珠江口浮游动物群落结构比较研究

doi:10.11978/2021151

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2019年12月使用4种不同型号网具采集了珠江口浮游动物, 进行形态学鉴定和DNA分子鉴定, 分析珠江口浮游动物的群落结构特征, 并比较不同调查方法对浮游动物丰度和生物量结果的影响。形态学镜检鉴定浮游动物36种(类), 其中浮游幼虫6类。浅水I型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物平均丰度为115±96ind.·m^-3, 平均生物量为0.21±0.14g·m^-3; 浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物平均丰度为3536±2444ind.·m^-3, 平均生物量为0.56±0.33g·m^-3; 浅水Ⅲ型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物平均丰度为4314±4172ind.·m^-3, 平均生物量为0.50±0.25g·m^-3; 25^#浮游生物网采集的浮游动物平均丰度为6741±3826ind.·m^-3, 平均生物量为4.33±3.42g·m^-3。研究结果表明网具孔径大小对浮游动物研究结果具有重要影响, 三个站点水体DNA样品注释出15种浮游动物; 使用浅水Ⅱ型网采集的DNA样品注释出19种浮游动物; 镜检样品鉴定浮游动物17种。水体DNA样品能检测出更多的微型浮游动物如原生动物等; 网采样品能过滤更多的水样, 有利于采集更多的大中型浮游动物, 更能充分反映优势类群如桡足类的种类和数量。研究结果表明, 水体DNA可检出浮游幼虫和原生动物等较难镜检鉴别的种类, 采用不同型号网具采集浮游动物可以更全面地反映研究海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。多种调查方法的结合有助于全面了解研究海域的生态环境状况。

关键词: 珠江口, 浮游动物, 粒径, DNA鉴定

Abstract:

Zooplankton samples in the Pearl River Estuary were collected in December 2019 using four different types of plankton nets. We analyzed the characteristics of zooplankton community structure and compared the effects of different investigation methods on the study of zooplankton community structure based on morphological identification and DNA monitoring. Thirty-six species of zooplankton including six species of planktonic larvae were identified by morphological identification. The average abundance of zooplankton collected by the I type of plankton net for the shallow water was 115±96 ind·m^-3, and the average biomass was 0.21±0.14g·m^-3. The average abundance of zooplankton collected by the Ⅱ type of plankton net for the shallow water was 3536±2444ind·m^-3, and the average biomass was 0.56±0.33 g·m^-3. The average abundance of zooplankton collected by the Ⅲ type of plankton net for the shallow water was 4314±4172 ind.·m^-3, and the average biomass was 0.50±0.25 g·m^-3. The average abundance of zooplankton collected by 25^# plankton net was 6741±3826 ind·m^-3, and the average biomass was 4.33±3.42 mg·m^-3. Results show that the mesh size of plankton net has an important impact on the results of zooplankton. Water DNA samples were collected from three sites annotated 15 species of zooplankton; DNA samples were collected by the Ⅱ type of plankton net from three sites annotated 19 species of zooplankton; and 17 species of zooplankton were identified by morphology at the three sites. Results show that water DNA samples can detect micro-zooplankton, such as protozoa. DNA samples collected by the plankton net can filter much water, which is conducive to collecting more macro- and meso-sized zooplankton, and can fully reflect the species and abundance of dominant groups such as copepods. Water DNA samples can be used to detect species that are difficult to be identified, such as planktonic larvae and protozoa. Zooplankton collected with different types of plankton nets can comprehensively reflect the characteristics of zooplankton community structure in the study area. The combination of various investigation methods is helpful to comprehensively understand the ecological environment in the study area.

Key words: Pearl River Estuary, zooplankton, particle size, DNA identification

中图分类号:

Q958.8

尹天齐, 王庆, 杨宇峰, 岑竞仪. 基于形态学和DNA分子鉴定的珠江口浮游动物群落结构比较研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(3): 172-185.

YIN Tianqi, WANG Qing, YANG Yufeng, CEN Jingyi. Comparative study on zooplankton community structure in Pearl River Estuary based on morphological and DNA identification[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(3): 172-185.

图/表 12

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图2

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图5

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表4

水体和网采DNA样品测序与形态学鉴定种类"

种类	水体DNA样品OTU数			网采DNA样品OTU数			镜检种类数
种类	SZ02	SZ07	SZ10	SZ02	SZ07	SZ10	SZ02	SZ07	SZ10
长纺锤水蚤(Acartia longiremis)	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)	3	3	4	0	0	0	1	1	1
刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
拟矮隆水蚤(Bestiolina similis)	2	2	2	1	1	1	0	0	0
叉胸刺水蚤(Centropages furcatus)	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
胸刺水蚤(Centropages hamatus)	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
典型胸刺水蚤(Centropages typicus)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)	5	1	6	2	2	2	1	1	1
伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus)	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
指状伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus inopinus)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus crassus)	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
异尾宽水蚤(Temora discaudata)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0
瘦歪水蚤(Tortanus gracilis)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)	0	0	0	2	2	1	0	1	0
平大眼水蚤(Corycaeus dahli)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
半剑水蚤(Hemicyclops sp.)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
半剑水蚤(Hemicyclops tanakai)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
戴维斯长腹剑水蚤(Oithona davisae)	2	2	2	1	1	0	0	0	0
小长腹剑水蚤(Oithona nana)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
长腹剑水蚤(Oithona sp.)	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
矮小拟镖剑水蚤(Paracyclopina nana)	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella norvegica)	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
拟双倍猛水蚤(Paramphiascella fulvofasciata)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
三角大吉猛水蚤(Tachidius triangularis)	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
箭虫(无横肌目)(Aphragmophora)	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
百陶带箭虫(Zonosagitta bedoti)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
卵形无柄轮虫(Ascomorpha ovalis)	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
梳状疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta pectinata)	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
颤动毛轮虫(Synchaeta tremula)	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
斑点蝶水母(Ocyropsis maculata)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
住囊虫(Oikopleura sp.)	2	2	3	0	0	0	0	1	0

表4

图7

表5

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类别	种类	Ⅰ型网	Ⅱ型网	Ⅲ型网	25^#网
桡足类	红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)	+	+		+
	太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)	+	+	+	+
	刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)	+	+	+	+
	中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)	+	+	+	+
	拟矮隆水蚤(Bestiolina similis)	+		+
	叉胸刺水蚤(Centropages furcatus)	+
	微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)			+	+
	精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)	+		+
	卵型光水蚤(Lucicutia ovalis)	+
	强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)	+	+	+	+
	小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)	+
	亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)	+	+	+	+
	异尾宽水蚤(Temora discaudata)		+
	锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)	+	+	+	+
	瘦歪水蚤(Tortanus gracilis)		+
	近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)		+
	平大眼水蚤(Corycaeus dahli)		+		+
	近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)		+	+	+
	短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)		+	+	+
	小长腹剑水蚤(Oithona nana)	+	+	+	+
	瘦长毛猛水蚤(Macrosetella gracilis)		+	+	+
	小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella norvegica)	+	+	+	+
水母类	半口壮丽水母(Aglaura hemistoma)	+	+	+
	不列颠高手水母(Bougainvillia britannica)	+	+	+
	双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)	+	+	+
	短柄和平水母(Eirene brevistylus)	+	+	+
	球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)	+	+	+
毛颚类	百陶带箭虫(Zonosagitta bedoti)	+	+	+	+
毛颚类	肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)	+	+	+	+
被囊类	异体住囊虫(Oikopleura longicaudata)		+	+	+
浮游幼虫	磷虾幼虫(Euphausiacea larva)	+	+	+	+
	蔓足类幼虫(Cirripedia larva)	+	+	+	+
	莹虾幼虫(Lucifer larva)	+	+	+	+
	长尾类幼虫(Macruran larva)	+	+	+
	多毛类幼虫(Polychaeta larva)	+	+	+	+
鱼卵	鱼卵(fish eggs)	+	+	+

种类	浅水Ⅰ型网		浅水Ⅱ型网		浅水Ⅲ型网		25^#浮游生物网
种类	优势度Y	平均丰度/(ind·m^-3)	优势度Y	平均丰度/(ind·m^-3)	优势度Y	平均丰度/(ind·m^-3)	优势度Y	平均丰度/(ind·m^-3)
强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)	0.04	18	0.34	1070	0.15	666	0.24	2182
太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)	0.10	46	<0.02	/	<0.02	/	<0.02	/
短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)	<0.02	/	<0.02	/	0.05	193	0.43	640
微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)	<0.02	/	<0.02	/	0.04	1007	<0.02	/

站位	原始序列数		高质量序列数		OTU数
站位	水体	网采	水体	网采	水体	网采
SZ02	43730	71598	43130	63055	1112	75
SZ07	42697	64065	42450	56946	494	175
SZ10	34802	59620	34671	69004	817	65

采样时间	网具	丰度/(ind.·m^-3)	生物量/(mg·m^-3)	珠江口
1959	浅水I型网	/	58~101	全国海洋普查(张达娟等, 2008)
1960	浅水I型网	/	33	全国海洋普查(张达娟等, 2008)
1981	浅水I型网	/	213~239	中国海湾志编纂委员会, 1998
1995	浅水I型网	/	2423	郑奕麟, 1995
1996	浅水I型网	5.01~606.5	/	刘玉等, 2001
2002—2003	浅水I型网	700~1131	203~382	李开枝等, 2005
2002—2003	浅水I型网	73~185	/	李开枝等, 2007
2004	浅水I型网	/	152.34~571.54	张达娟等, 2008
2005	浅水I型网	/	444.77~656.18	张达娟等, 2008
2006	浅水I型网	/	712.94~874.5	张达娟等, 2008
2006—2007	浅水I型网	2288~28013	10.03~132.95	高原等, 2008
2009	浅水I型网	423.46	/	国家监测中心, 2009
2012—2013	浅水I型网	/	20~375	彭鹏飞等, 2015
2015	浅水I型网	20.5~1035	2.5~417	徐姗楠等, 2017
2004	浅水Ⅱ型网	3900~13000	/	Tan et al, 2004
2009	浅水Ⅱ型网	4131.92	/	吴玲玲等, 2012
2015	浅水Ⅱ型网	36~896	/	刘华雪等, 2016
2013—2014	浅水Ⅱ型网	72.90~35128.57	/	黄彬彬等, 2017
1985	浅水Ⅲ型网	31.37~71.68	69~204.73	宋盛宪, 1991
2006—2007	25^#浮游生物网	1430~154450	6.3~277.3	高原等, 2008
2019	浅水I型网	9~331	45~444	本研究
2019	浅水Ⅱ型网	811~9474	170~1100	本研究
2019	浅水Ⅲ型网	460~15221	190~1050	本研究
2019	25^#浮游生物网	2560~16140	2130~12820	本研究